Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical effects of aqueous leave extract of Xylopia aethiopica on the stomach in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats / Efectos ultraestructurales e inmunohistoquímicos del extracto acuoso de la hoja Xylopia aethiopica en el estómago de ratas diabéticas inducidas por estreptozotocina

Gastrointestinal pathology in diabetic patients has become a source of concern in recent times. The aim of this study was to investigate the ultrastructural and immunohistochemical effects of aqueous leaf extract of Xylopia aethiopica on the stomach in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This study was conducted using thirty adult Wistar rats. The animals were divided into three groups (n= 10). Group A was the control animals (administered with equivalent volume of citrate buffer), group B was diabetic animals induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin dissolved in citrate buffer (65 mg/kg) and group C was diabetic animals treated with 200 mg/kg body weight of aqueous leave extract of X. aethiopica for twenty five days. At the expiration of the study, all the animals in each of the groups were sacrificed and the stomach excised and fixed in both 10 % formol and karnovsky fixatives immunohistochemical, light microscopic and electron microscopic studies respectively. The results showed a gradual decline (P<0.05) in the blood glucose level in the extract treated group as against the increment in untreated diabetic group. There was a distortion of the glandular mucosa and epithelium in the untreated diabetic group vis-à-vis the extract treated and control groups. The immunohistochemical staining and percentage immunoreactivity of the stomach of untreated diabetic group showed that the immunoexpression of H+/K+-ATPase were sparse and significantly (p<0.000) lower compared with the control group. There was a better staining pattern for H+/K+-ATPase gastric proton pump in the group treated with aqueous leaf extract of X. aethiopica as compared with the untreated diabetic group. The ultrastructural studies of untreated diabetic group revealed a reduction in the density of mitochondria as compared with the control group. Treatment with leaf extract of X. aethiopica increased the mitochondrial density as well as uniform dispersal of chromatin. It is concluded that diabetes causes gastric pathology thus resulting in morphological changes in the gastric histo-architecture and parietal cells. The aqueous leaf extract of X. aethiopica enhances the recovery/restoration of these defects in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats and as such, may play a significant role in the management of complications associated with diabetes mellitus.

La enfermedad gastrointestinal en pacientes diabéticos se ha convertido en una fuente de preocupación en los últimos tiempos. El objetivo fue investigar los efectos ultraestructurales e inmunohistoquímicos de extracto acuoso de la hoja de Xylopia aethiopica en el estómago de ratas con diabetes inducida por estreptozotocina. Se utilizaron 30 ratas Wistar adultas, divididas en tres grupos (n= 10). El Grupo A, control (se le administró un volumen equivalente de tampón de citrato); el Grupo B, animales diabéticos inducidos por una sola inyección intraperitoneal de estreptozotocina disuelta en tampón de citrato (65 mg/kg) y el Grupo C, animales diabéticos con 200 mg/kg peso corporal tratados con extracto acuoso de X. aethiopica durante 25 d. Luego, todos los animales fueron sacrificados, se les extirpó el estómago y fijó en formol al 10 % y en fijador Karnovsky para anticuerpos monoclonales contra la bomba de protones gátrica H+/K+-ATPasa; las muestras se observaron mediante microscopías óptica y electrónica. Los resultados mostraron una disminución gradual (P<0,05) en el nivel de glucosa en sangre del grupo tratado con el extracto, contra un incremento en el grupo diabético no tratado. Hubo una distorsión de la mucosa glandular y el epitelio en el grupo diabético no tratado vis-à-vis los grupos tratados con extracto y el de control. La tinción inmunohistoquímica del estómago del grupo diabético no tratado, mostró escasas células parietales inmunorreactivas en el grupo diabético no tratado comparado con el grupo control. Hubo un mejor patrón de tinción en la bomba de protones gátrica H+/K+-ATPasa en el grupo tratado con el extracto de hoja acuosa de X. aethiopica, en comparación con el grupo diabético no tratado. Los estudios ultraestructurales del grupo diabético no tratado revelaron una reducción en la densidad de las mitocondrias en comparación con el grupo control. El tratamiento con extracto de hoja de X. aethiopica aumentó la densidad mitocondrial, así como la dispersión uniforme de la cromatina. Se concluye que la diabetes causa una enfermedad gástrica que genera cambios morfológicos en la histoarquitectura de las células parietales gástricas. El extracto de hoja acuosa de X. aethiopica mejora la recuperación/restauración de estos defectos en ratas diabéticas inducidas por estreptozotocina y, como tal, puede jugar un rol significativo en el tratamiento de las complicaciones asociadas con la diabetes mellitus.

Histological studies on the retina and cerebellum of Wistar rats treated with ArteetherTM

Introduction: Arteether TM, a derivative of artemisinin, is among the recent drugs that have given renewed hope for combating malarial menace. The present study investigated the effects of arteetherTM on the histology of the retina and cerebellum of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty adult albino Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g, were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D) of five animals each and used for this study. Group A rats were given intramuscular (i.m.) arteetherTM (3 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 3 days. Group B rats were given i.m. arteetherTM (6 mg/kg b.w.) daily for 3 days. Group C rats were also given i. m. of arteetherTM (3 mg/kg b. w.) daily for 3 days, and the same dose was repeated at two-weekly intervals for 4 further weeks; while Group D rats which received normal saline (0.9 % w/v, 3 ml/kg b.w.), served as controls. At the end of the experiment, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The retina and cerebellum were excised and processed routinely for histopathology changes, using haematoxylin and eosin stain (H & E), as well as Nissl stain. Results: Results obtained showed normal cellular components of the retina and cerebellum in all groups, and no cyto-pathological changes were observed. Conclusion: Thus, this study showed that under light microscopic examination, therapeutic doses of arteetherTM caused no significant cyto-pathologic changes in the retina and cerebellum of Wistar rats.(AU)

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats.

Aims: This study is to provide scientific basis for the folkloric use of Sphenocentrum jollyannum roots in the management and/control of Diabetes mellitus. The effects of the extract on blood glucose level and serum lipid profile in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated. The efficacy was also compared with that of glibenclamide, a known antidiabetic drug. Study Design: Experimental Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria and Department of Chemical Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, between November, 2010 and April, 2012. Methodology: Twenty four adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (A, B C and D) of six rats each and used for this research. Diabetes mellitus was induced in groups B, C and D by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (80mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer. Group A, the control rats were intraperitoneally injected with an equivalent volume of citrate buffer. Group B diabetic rats were untreated while groups C and D received Methanolic extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (MESJ) (200mg/kg) and glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) once daily for two weeks respectively. Results: The result showed a significant (P < 0.05) fall in blood glucose and serum lipid levels with MESJ and glibenclamide administration. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the raise of lipids in serum and improvement in the lipid levels to an almost normal condition was also observed. Conclusion: Sphenocentrum jollyanum roots possess hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects on diabetic rats lending credence to its use in the traditional management and/or control of Diabetes mellitus.

Hypoglycemic and Hypolipidemic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Wistar Rats.

Aims: This study is to provide scientific basis for the folkloric use of Sphenocentrum jollyannum roots in the management and/control of Diabetes mellitus. The effects of the extract on blood glucose level and serum lipid profile in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was investigated. The efficacy was also compared with that of glibenclamide, a known antidiabetic drug. Study Design: Experimental Study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria and Department of Chemical Pathology, Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria, between November, 2010 and April, 2012. Methodology: Twenty four adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (A, B C and D) of six rats each and used for this research. Diabetes mellitus was induced in groups B, C and D by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (80mg/kg body weight) dissolved in 0.1 M citrate buffer. Group A, the control rats were intraperitoneally injected with an equivalent volume of citrate buffer. Group B diabetic rats were untreated while groups C and D received Methanolic extract of Sphenocentrum jollyanum (MESJ) (200mg/kg) and glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg) once daily for two weeks respectively. Results: The result showed a significant (P < 0.05) fall in blood glucose and serum lipid levels with MESJ and glibenclamide administration. A significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the raise of lipids in serum and improvement in the lipid levels to an almost normal condition was also observed. Conclusion: Sphenocentrum jollyanum roots possess hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects on diabetic rats lending credence to its use in the traditional management and/or control of Diabetes mellitus.

Histological and histochemical studies of the aorta and pulmonary trunk in STZ-induced diabetic wistar rats treated with momordica charantia / Estudio histológico e histoquímico de la aorta y el tronco pulmonar en ratas wistar diabéticas inducidas por STZ y tratadas con momordica charantia

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious metabolic disorder with micro and macro-vascular complications that result in a significant morbidity and mortality. The present study investigated the effects of Momordica charantia (M. charantia) on histological changes of the aorta and pulmonary trunk in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Forty healthy adult Wistar rats of both sexes were randomly assigned into five groups A, B, C, D and E of eight rats each. Group A were the control (normal rats); B were the experimentally-induced diabetic rats; C were diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of M. charantia for two weeks (withdrawal group); D were diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of M. charantia for four weeks. E was diabetic rats treated glimepiride for four weeks. Tissues were harvested, processed routinely in paraffin wax and stained with routine and special stains. Histological results revealed morphological alterations in the aorta and pulmonary trunk of diabetic rats. Histochemical analysis also revealed abnormal deposition of glycogen in these vessels of diabetic rats. M. charantia and glimperide attenuated the morphological alterations and reduced the glycogen deposits. In conclusion M. charantia has a promising ameliorative effect on the morphology of the aorta and pulmonaty trunk in STZ-induced diabetic wistar rats and by extension, may be relevant in the management of cardiovascular alteration associated with DM.

La diabetes mellitus (DM) es una enfermedad metabólica grave con complicaciones micro y macro vasculares que resultan en una significativa morbilidad y mortalidad. El presente estudio investigó los efectos de Momordica charantia (M. charantia) sobre los cambios histológicos de la aorta y el tronco pulmonar en ratas Wistar con diabetes inducida por estreptozotocina. Cuarenta ratas Wistar adultas sanas de ambos sexos fueron asignadas al azar en cinco grupos A, B, C, D y E, 8 ratas cada grupo. El grupo A fue control (ratas normales); el grupo B fue de ratas diabéticas inducidas experimentalmente; el grupo C fue de ratas diabéticas tratadas con extractos metanólicos de M. charantia por dos semanas (grupo de retirada); grupo D fue de ratas diabéticas tratadas con extractos metanólicos de M. charantia durante cuatro semanas, y el grupo E fue de ratas diabéticas tratadas con glimepirida durante cuatro semanas. Los tejidos obtenidos se incluyeron en parafina y se tiñeron con técnica de rutina y tinciones especiales. Los resultados histológicos revelaron alteraciones morfológicas en la aorta y el tronco pulmonar de las ratas diabéticas. El análisis histoquímico reveló también la deposición anormal de glucógeno en estos vasos de ratas diabéticas. Tanto M. charantia y glimperida atenuaron las alteraciones morfológicas y redujeron los depósitos de glucógeno. En conclusión, la M. charantia tiene un efecto de mejora prometedor sobre los cambios en la morfología de la aorta y el tronco pulmonar en ratas Wistar diabéticas inducidas por STZ y, por extensión, pueden ser relevantes en el manejo de alteraciones cardiovasculares asociadas con la DM.